The damage usually appears on the edges of the field. Thus, the seeds lose their germination properties and can carry the infection to the next year. Sunflower, genus of nearly 70 species of herbaceous plants of the aster family. The attack on the sprouts leads to those sprouts coming off and rotting. No effective insecticides are available for this … … The sunflower oil is used in the food industry, biofuel industry or in the soap industry. The plants remain small, have thin and short stems, and the leaves are small and cramped. Downy Mildew Disease 4. The colonies settle on the leaves or inside the small blooms. At first, it was planted for a decorative purpose in Europe, later on it turned out to be of the most important technical plants in the world. In the small gaps between the achenes a white mold grows. Growing resilient types and hybrids is the main prevention method; Taking out the affected plants from the crop; Pictor, Mirage, Amistar Xtra, Acanto Plus; This disease causes a lot of damage to the sunflower crops. This fungus is widely spread, but it does not cause significant damage. It has 2 generations per year and it spends the winter as a larva, inside the soil. Moderate temperatures (15-18 degrees Celsius) and a high humidity are perfect for this disease’s growth. The insect a number of plants from the. been found suffering from many diseases like Alternaria leaf spot, downy mildew, powdery mildew, charcoal rot, scleorotium rot or wilt, rhizopus head rot, sunflower necrosis virus, and cucumber mosaic virus (Saharan et al., 2005).Among viral disease affecting sunflower, very recently leaf … The larvae eat the pollen or attack the floral organs. Abstract: Using digital image processing and machine learning technology to realize the automatic recognition of plant leaf diseases is of great significance to the prevention and control of crop diseases. This has led to an enormous worldwide interest in growing sunflower plants. When attacking mature plants, the fungus grows on the lower parts of the stems, as a white mycelium felt. Prevention: Maze Leaf Weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollos). Fungal diseases. Leaf blight - Alternaria helianthi Symptoms The pathogen produces brown spots on the leaves, but the spots can also be seen on the stem, sepals and petals. The gardener oftentimes must deal with a variety of pests from insects to animals and birds. The attack of this pest is similar to the one of the maze leaf weevil. After several investigations, the proposed method was proved to be able to identify three types of sunflower diseases effectively, respectively, downy mildew, black spot and bacterial leaf spot. The affected organs are covered in silk threads and feces. leaves turn brown and fall off. Field experiments were conducted during the 1989 to 1993 growing seasons in order to determine the effect of natural infections of Alternaria alternata on yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Outer branches and leaves look ok. Have you seen any pests or is any mold present? Prevention and control measures: This disease causes a lot of damage to the sunflower crops. Crop rotation: plating species which are less vulnerable to the attack (peas, beans, soy, camelina, mustard); Applying mineral fertilizers as these have a detrimental effect of this pest; It grows one generation per year and it spends the winter as an adult, inside the soil’s superficial layer. Sunflower leaf infected with Verticillium Life Cycle: The disease forms microsclerotia in the pith of the stalk. The disease affects the leaves and stems in the form of ellipsoid spots or brown injuries, margined by yellow edges. The adults appear during March, when the temperatures exceed 9 degrees Celsius. .....Alternaria spp. As the disease evolves, the spots get cracks and destroy the plant’s mechanical resistance. On a cold and moist weather, the bacteria’s exudate grows on the surface of the spots. The adults lay the eggs during the first vegetation days. The tissue located next to these spots turns into necrosis. Alternaria helianthicola. Prevention and control measures: The disease appears during early spring and the first visible signs are yellow, circular shaped spots on the leaves. Irregular, brown spots with yellow halos appear on the leaves. Number of seeds produced per head and seed weight were reduced by 16 to 65% and 15 to 79%, respectively. The major diseases include rust, downy mildew, Verticil-lium wilt, Sclerotinia stalk and head rot, charcoal rot, blight and leaf spot. During a dry season, the damage can affect up to 60% of the entire crop. Alternaria alternata. The fungus spends the winter on the vegetal residue located on the surface of the ground. The affected organs are covered in silk threads and feces. Sunflower Disease Diagnostic Series PP1727 Samuel Markell, Extension Plant Pathologist North Dakota State University Robert Harveson, Extension Plant Pathologist University of Nebraska Charles Block, Plant Pathologist USDA, Ames, IA Thomas Gulya, USDA Sunflower Pathologist (Retired), Fargo, N.D. Febina Mathew, Field Crops Pathologist South Dakota State University family, causes the most of the damage to the sunflower. The insect a number of plants from the Asteraceae family, causes the most of the damage to the sunflower. Prevention and control measures: Downy Mildew of Sunflower (Plasmopara helianthi). Prevention and control measures: Stem Canker of Sunflower (Diaporhe helianthi). Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are annual garden plants that bloom during the summer and … The spots can grow in size and cover the entire leaf. 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